4.14.4.4. PyLiq1 Material

This command constructs a uniaxial p-y material that incorporates liquefaction effects. This p y material is used with a zeroLength element to connect a pile (beam-column element) to a 2 D plane-strain FE mesh or displacement boundary condition. The p-y material obtains the average mean effective stress (which decreases with increasing excess pore pressure) either from two specified soil elements, or from a time series. Currently, the implementation requires that the specified soil elements consist of FluidSolidPorousMaterials in FourNodeQuad elements, or PressureDependMultiYield or PressureDependMultiYield02 materials in FourNodeQuadUP or NineFourQuadUP elements. There are two possible forms:

uniaxialMaterial('PyLiq1', matTag, soilType, pult, Y50, Cd, c, pRes, ele1, ele2)
uniaxialMaterial('PyLiq1', matTag, soilType, pult, Y50, Cd, c, pRes, '-timeSeries', timeSeriesTag)

matTag (int)

integer tag identifying material

soilType (int)

soilType = 1 Backbone of p-y curve approximates Matlock (1970) soft clay relation. soilType = 2 Backbone of p-y curve approximates API (1993) sand relation.

pult (float)

Ultimate capacity of the p-y material. Note that “p” or “pult” are distributed loads [force per length of pile] in common design equations, but are both loads for this uniaxialMaterial [i.e., distributed load times the tributary length of the pile].

Y50 (float)

Displacement at which 50% of pult is mobilized in monotonic loading.

Cd (float)

Variable that sets the drag resistance within a fully-mobilized gap as Cd*pult.

c (float)

The viscous damping term (dashpot) on the far-field (elastic) component of the displacement rate (velocity). (optional Default = 0.0). Nonzero c values are used to represent radiation damping effects

pRes (float)

sets the minimum (or residual) peak resistance that the material retains as the adjacent solid soil elements liquefy

ele1 ele2 (int)

are the eleTag (element numbers) for the two solid elements from which PyLiq1 will obtain mean effective stresses and excess pore pressures

timeSeriesTag (int)

Alternatively, mean effective stress can be supplied by a time series by specifying the text string '-timeSeries' and the tag of the series seriesTag.

Note

  1. The argument pult is the ultimate capacity of the p-y material. Note that p or pult are lateral stresses [force per unit length of pile] in common design equations, but are both loads for this uniaxialMaterial [i.e., distributed load times the tributary length of the pile].

  2. Nonzero c values are used to represent radiation damping effects

  3. To model the effects of liquefaction with PyLiq1, it is necessary to use the updateMaterialStage command. When material stage is 0 (which is the default value), the PyLiq1 behavior will be independent of any pore pressure in the specified solidElem’s. When material stage is set to 1, the behviour of PyLiq1 will depend on the mean effective stresses (and hence excess pore pressures) in the solidElem’s.

See also

Notes